Which food groups regulate metabolism?

• A. Vitamins, Minerals, Electrolytes
• B. Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats
• C. Water, Fiber, Minerals
• D. Proteins, Vitamins, Fats

Answer: (A)

Metabolism is driven by enzymes that rely on helpers called cofactors. Vitamins provide many of these cofactors, especially in energy pathways, while minerals act as essential cofactors for a wide range of metabolic enzymes. Electrolytes help maintain the cellular environment—fluid balance and pH—that allows these enzymes to function properly and support energy production. Together, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes best regulate metabolic processes.

Other groups miss crucial pieces: macronutrients supply energy and building blocks but don’t regulate enzymatic reactions; water, fiber, and minerals lack vitamins and electrolytes that support enzyme activity; and proteins, vitamins, fats omit minerals and electrolytes needed for many metabolic cofactors.